In a way, the General History of the Pyrates — full title: — A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates — delivers exactly what it promises. And, uh, FYI: “Pyrates” isn’t a typo, at least not on my end. Spelling conventions change over time, and “pyrate” is an acceptable form of the word circa the early 1700s.

On the other hand, that very History is, well, kinda dodgy.

Now, that doesn’t mean the General History has no value, and it is a very interesting read, even if/though/when it’s not a credible historical account.

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To paraphrase Pop Culture icon — for any number of reasons — Leonard Nimoy: The following tales of piratical exploits are true. And by true, I mean false. It’s all lies. But they’re entertaining lies. And in the end, isn’t that the real truth?

For what it’s worth, that wouldn’t matter quite so much when the book was first published in 1724.

If you’ve spent any amount of time studying History, you will almost certainly have realised that both the literary form of written histories and what the authors understood their role as writers of histories to be have changed across time and place.

In general, present-day History is written to be detached, dispassionate, and fundamentally true, and it’s usually understood that a written account that isn’t any or all of those things fundamentally isn’t History.

Not, of course, that this stops crackpots from trying to pass off completely nonsensical theories as fact. I’m not going to name names, but I’m sure something leaps to mind reading that line.

And even a perfectly credible historian claiming to be detached, dispassionate, and scholarly will inevitably have certain inherent biases…

At other points in time, however, authors understood the role of History and the duty of the historian differently. Ancient histories tend to have a moralising aspect that modern history tends to avoid — things like “We lost at Cannae because the consuls neglected traditional Roman values“, “Liu Bei was the legitimate successor of the Han Dynasty“, or “the British Empire is great because we have a moral obligation to civilise the barbarians.”

And then, of course, there are Histories written largely to be deliberately scandalous, salacious, or to satirise important people — something that dates at least as far back as the Romans: the Historia Augusta is infamously unreliable and describes some things not to be spoken of in polite company, while Procopius‘ Secret History and Buildings seem to be intended to subtly make fun of Justinian and his reign.

And that’s basically what we’re getting into with the General History of the Pyrates. Of course, the reality is less glamourous than the popular notions, but then as now, pirates were larger than life characters, rebelling against corrupt political authority, doing cool things and getting stupendously rich and famous doing them. Pirates have always been prone to exaggeration and romanticising.

The author of the General History — whom we’ll get into in more detail soon — knows exactly what the good burghers of 1720s England expect in a book about pirates: larger than life characters, with their exploits relayed in salacious detail. But not too salacious. The book is literally prefaced with a disclaimer how the book is intended to allow honest sailors to recognise what pirates do so they can avoid doing it themselves.

Fundamentally, we’re looking at “Why let the truth get in the way of a good story: the book”…

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The author of the General History identifies himself as “Captain Charles Johnson“, a name almost universally thought to be a pseudonym. A longstanding, but also heavily-criticised, theory suggests that he was actually Daniel Dafoe (not to be confused with Willem, that name should sound familiar; he wrote Robinson Crusoe). The other main contender for Captain Johnson’s secret identity is the printer and journalist Nathaniel Mist, or at least somebody commissioned by Mist.

While adding “Captain” to your name is a great way to seem more credible as an authority about pirates, Captain Johnson, whoever he actually was, seems to familiar with life at sea to be lying completely about that, so there’s a decent chance he was actually some kind of professional sailor. Notably, Nathaniel Mist was a sailor who spent time in the West Indies.

It doesn’t necessarily matter who Captain Johnson really was. And, if anything, the longstanding mystery about his identity just adds another layer of compellingly scandalous material to the whole thing…

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There’s a great line in National Treasure where Nicolas Cage reads a passage for the Declaration of Independence — a 44 word sentence providing the basic rationale for the Revolution — and concludes that “people don’t talk that way anymore.”

And it’s true. The prose of the 18th century is generally a lot more verbose than the prose of the 21st. And well, yeah, people seem to have gotten better at getting to the point in the intervening centuries, there’s just something about the 1700s literary style that just sounds so cool.

And for me personally, that’s a big part of the General History. It recalls me to the Elder Days of the War of Wrath Third Year of my Humanities undergrad, which was probably my favourite of the four years (Second Year was too hard, First Year wasn’t hard enough, and Fourth Year inflicted Hegel upon us) and dealt with the same time period as the General History and a lot of things with a very similar writing style.

Also, incidentally, how I learned that prominent Elizabethan courtier and intellectual Sir Philip Sidney was fatally shot in the leg after chivalrously refusing to wear leg armor into battle…

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Now, General History of the Pyrates doesn’t necessarily have as much value as it perhaps could or should as a historical text, but I feel like it has an undeniable historiographical value.

At the very least, you’re going to learn at least the names of more than a few actual historically notable pirates, and at least the broad sketches of their lives, even though most of the details have been exaggerated and stylised, if not invented entirely.

In a way, the General History is to pirates what Edward Gibbon‘s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is to, well, guess…

Admittedly, Gibbon is viewed as a credible historian and he basically established the methodology of modern Classical Studies. Like, “consult the primary sources and be dispassionate and professional” is still how academics are expected to operate.

On the other hand, most of his exact theories and conclusions have been challenged, if not outright discredited. Still, Classical scholarship was shaped in a very significant way by Gibbon.

And, of course, it’s impossible for any scholar to be completely free of bias, but getting into that is kinda begun the scope of the current assignment.

Gibbon was, for example, not particularly fond of Catholicism or Islam, and basically views the entire period of Byzantine History as a footnote to the real Roman history…

For context, even disregarding the whole “Byzantines viewed themselves as Roman” angle, Constantinople (previously Byzantium, hence the name) was the seat of an Empire from AD 330 to 1453 (and then seat of a different Empire that saw itself as the legitimate successor of that Empire from 1453 to 1922), so that’s a whole lot of history to disregard…

Again, Captain Johnson isn’t nearly as credible, but he wrote one of the first really popular history of pirates. So, the General History is important, even if it’s not true, because it — along with Treasure Island, itself inspired by the General History — basically invented the Pop Culture idea of what a pirate is, looks like, and does.

On top of that, it’s an important piece of context for how historians of the time wrote about more or less contemporary pirates. Again, the History itself may not be true, but it’s an important look at the History of History — it’s insight into how people at the time wrote and read Histories.

And, again, why let the truth get in the way of a good story?

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